Colubridae
Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 - Smooth Snake
![Nominate subsp. May 2008, near Biogradska Gora, ME](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000475-d2933d2936/Coronella_austriaca_20.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Nominate subsp. May 2008, near Biogradska Gora, ME](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000476-0305e03060/Coronella_austriaca_18.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Large rostral, 7 supralabials, 3rd and 4th touching the eye](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000477-1193411935/Coronella_austriaca_19.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![C. a. acutirostris. October 2003, Sierra de Gredos, Castilla la Vieja, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000478-46c6146c63/Coronella_austriaca_10.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Coronella girondica (Daudin, 1803) - Southern Smooth Snake
![May 2012, Punxeiro, Orense, Galicia, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000479-922b3922b5/Coronella_girondica_22.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Small rostral, 8 supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000480-976d0976d2/Coronella_girondica_19.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Dolichophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789) - Caspian Whip Snake
![Adult. October 2009, Samos, Dodecanese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000481-9a43b9a43d/Dolichophis_caspius_19.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Head in older adults often copper-orange. May 2005, near Arkutino, Black Sea coast, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000482-c230bc230c/Dolichophis_caspius_13.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. May 2005, Rupite, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000483-1c7551c757/Dolichophis_caspius_14.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Eirenis modestus (Martin, 1838) - Masked Dwarf Snake
![Semimaculatus morph. October 2007, Pedi valley, Symi, Dodecanese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000672-617f7617fa/Eirenis_modestus_02.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Unspotted individual. October 2009, Mitilinei, Samos, Dodecanese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000673-8ba998ba9c/Eirenis_modestus_10.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790) - Four-lined Snake
![Nominate subsp. adult. April 2008, Mojdez, ME](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000484-51ea951eac/Elaphe_quatuorlineata_quatuorlineata_12.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. April 2008, Godinje near Lake Skadar, ME](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000485-78e6778e69/Elaphe_quatuorlineata_quatuorlineata_11.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![E. q. scyrensis. June 2006, Skyros, Sporades, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000487-9e2039e206/Elaphe_quatuorlineata_scyrensis_02.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814) - Blotched Snake
![Adult. March 2001, near Lake Ismarida, Thrace, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000488-9a0ea9a0ec/Elaphe_sauromates_03.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. May 2004, between Maronia and Makri, Thrace, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000489-8d9198d91b/Elaphe_sauromates_06.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Hemorrhois algirus (Jan, 1863) - Algerian Whip Snake
![Adult. April 2007, Floriana, Valletta, MT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000490-805878058a/Hemorrhois_algirus_07.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Often subocular scale present](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000491-bd40abd40c/Hemorrhois_algirus_02.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Hemorrhois hippocrepis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Horseshoe Whip Snake
![Adult about to shed skin (opaque eye). April 2006, Alcalá de los Gazules, Andalusia, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000529-9491294915/Hemorrhois_hippocrepis_07.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Full row of suboculars. May 1997, Algarve, PT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000530-f22aff22b1/Hemorrhois_hippocrepis_02-2.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. December 2010, Port Huelva, Andalusia, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000531-796b3796b5/Hemorrhois_hippocrepis_09.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Hierophis gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) - Balkan Whip Snake
![Adult. June 2009, near Anogeia, Crete, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000526-f0628f062a/Hierophis_gemonensis_13.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Adult. May 2003, near Budva, ME](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000527-683dc683de/Hierophis_gemonensis_06.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. October 2006, Gialova lagoon, Pylos, Peleponnese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000525-1fcf71fcf9/Hierophis_gemonensis_09.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789) - Western Whip Snake
![Nominate subsp. adult. June 2002, Luz-st-Sauveur, dept. Hautes-Pyrénées, FR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000520-1de301de32/Hierophis_viridiflavus_viridiflavus_06.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Nominate subsp. adult. 2000, La Brenne, dept. de l'Indre, FR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000521-ed003ed004/Hierophis_viridiflavus_viridiflavus_02.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Nominate subsp. juvenile. March 2009, Castello di Quirra, Sardinia, IT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000522-9d40b9d40e/Hierophis_viridiflavus_viridiflavus_08.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![H. v. carbonarius adult. April 2007, Kalkara Ravine, MT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000523-c862ac862c/Hierophis_viridiflavus_carbonarius_10.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![H. v. carbonarius juvenile. April 2007, near Chadwick Lakes, MT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000524-e7c16e7c18/Hierophis_viridiflavus_carbonarius_11.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Macroprotodon brevis (Günther, 1862) - Iberian False Smooth Snake
![December 2010, Carrapateira, Algarve, PT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000518-3ca433ca46/Macroprotodon_brevis_11.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![October 2003, Los Barruecos, Malpartida de Cáceres, Extremadura, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000519-dcb88dcb8a/Macroprotodon_brevis_03.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) - Algerian False Smooth Snake
![Adult. October 2010, Menorca, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000515-3dcca3dccc/Macroprotodon_cucullatus_06.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![October 2010, Menorca, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000516-cb6a1cb6a4/Macroprotodon_cucullatus_01.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Hatchling. October 2010, Menorca, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000517-9eba99ebab/Macroprotodon_cucullatus_15.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Platyceps collaris (Müller, 1878) - Reddish Whip Snake
![June 2018, Silistar, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000505-e3fc8e3fca/Platyceps_collaris_09.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Ocelli continue along the body as small dots. May 2005, near Ropotamo, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000514-5dae65dae7/Platyceps_collaris_06.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Pre- and postocular scales black. May 2005, near Primorsko, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000506-a799ba799d/Platyceps_collaris_05.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) - Dahl's Whip Snake
![May 2004, near Mega Derio, Thrace, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000511-749da749de/Platyceps_najadum_05.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Ocelli only on the first quarter of the body, decreasing in size. May 2005, near Mezek, Eastern Rhodopes, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000512-cf8c0cf8c1/Platyceps_najadum_07.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Pre- and postocular scales white. May 2005, near Mezek, Eastern Rhodopes, BG](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000513-a4e93a4e95/Platyceps_najadum_08.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831) - Cat Snake
![Nominate subsp. May 2006, Milos, Western Cyclades, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000507-3e1fd3e1fe/Telescopus_fallax_fallax_01.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Nominate subsp. June 2011, Fatsadhika, Kythera, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000508-3236f32370/Telescopus_fallax_fallax_17.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![T. f. pallidus. June 2009, near Lake Kournas, Crete, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000509-a2c8ca2c8e/Telescopus_fallax_pallidus_05.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![T. f. pallidus. June 2009, near Lake Kournas, Crete, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000510-4c9564c959/Telescopus_fallax_pallidus_04.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Zamenis lineatus (Camerano, 1891) - Italian Aesculapian Snake
![Uniformly coloured adult. April 2010, Aspromonte, Calabria, IT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000498-a380ea3810/Zamenis_lineatus_05.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Adult with dorsolateral lines. May 2010, Monte Arso (SW Etna), Sicily, IT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000499-f33a7f33a9/Zamenis_lineatus_17.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Iris copper-red. April 2010, near Aspromonte, Calabria, IT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000500-109b8109b9/Zamenis_lineatus_07.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. April 2010, near San Luca, Calabria, IT](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000501-8504085042/Zamenis_lineatus_09.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) - Aesculapian Snake
![Adult. May 2007, Macin Hills, Greci, Dobruja, RO](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000495-940399403b/Zamenis_longissimus_13.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Iris grey-yellow. April 2002, Babadag Forest, Dobruja, RO](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000497-e20cbe20cd/Zamenis_longissimus_04.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. April 2003, Achaialagunes, Peloponnese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000496-bfbbcbfbbe/Zamenis_longissimus_05.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Zamenis scalaris (Schinz, 1822) - Ladder Snake
![Adult. October 2010, Menorca, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000502-c7c72c7c73/Rhinechis_scalaris_10.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Adult, May 2015, Torre de la Mata, Valencia, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000503-a4b9da4b9e/Rhinechis_scalaris_18.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. April 2006, near Loja, Andalusia, ES](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000504-6779367795/Rhinechis_scalaris_07.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) - Leopard Snake
![Adult leopardinus morph. October 2006, near Gialova, Peloponnese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000492-087790877c/Zamenis_situla_12.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Juvenile. October 2006, near Kalamata, Peloponnese, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000493-d69acd69ad/Zamenis_situla_09.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)
![Adult situla morph. May 2006, Milos, Western Cyclades, GR](https://7c8850cb7a.clvaw-cdnwnd.com/d229ba82dd895b159da6c2cab6dde90a/200000494-72cc572cc7/Zamenis_situla_08.jpg?ph=7c8850cb7a)